A new review of existing research suggests that adolescents who drink more sugar-sweetened beverages are more likely to report symptoms of anxiety. But researchers caution that the relationship is complex and does not prove that sugary drinks directly cause anxiety.
The study, published in the Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, analyzed multiple studies examining sugary drink intake and mental health in young people. Across the research reviewed, higher consumption of beverages such as soda, energy drinks, sweetened tea and coffee, sugary juices, flavored milks and other sweetened drinks was consistently associated with greater anxiety symptoms.
“With increasing concern about adolescent nutrition, most public health initiatives have emphasized the physical consequences of poor dietary habits, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes,” said Dr Chloe Casey, lecturer in nutrition and co-author of the study. “However, the mental health implications of diet have been underexplored by comparison, particularly for drinks that are energy dense but low in nutrients.”
The review does not establish cause and effect. The studies included relied on survey data, meaning adolescents reported both their beverage intake and their mental health symptoms. That makes it impossible to determine whether sugary drinks contribute to anxiety, whether anxious teens are more likely to consume sugary beverages, or whether other factors influence both.
Researchers specifically note that variables such as sleep patterns, family environment and overall lifestyle could help explain the connection.
“Whilst we may not be able to confirm at this stage what the direct cause is, this study has identified an unhealthy connection between consumption of sugary drinks and anxiety disorders in young people,” Casey said.
Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health challenges in adolescents. In 2023, an estimated 1 in 5 children and young people were living with a mental health disorder, with anxiety among the most frequently reported conditions.
While the review cannot establish causality, several potential biological and behavioral explanations exist. High sugar intake may contribute to blood sugar fluctuations that affect mood and stress response. Many sugary drinks also contain caffeine, which can worsen anxiety symptoms in sensitive individuals. In addition, poor sleep and high stress levels may increase cravings for quick energy sources, including sweetened beverages.
The researchers argue that identifying modifiable lifestyle habits could help address rising rates of adolescent anxiety, even as more research is needed to clarify mechanisms.
“Anxiety disorders in adolescence have risen sharply in recent years so it is important to identify lifestyle habits which can be changed to reduce the risk of this trend continuing,” Casey said.
The authors emphasize that sugary drinks represent just one potential piece of a much larger mental health puzzle. Diet, sleep, physical activity, social environment and access to mental health care all play important roles in adolescent well-being.
No industry funding was disclosed for this review.